{{ title }}
{{ errorMessage }}


{{ errorMessage }}





{{ registerSuccessMessage }}
   8805      
 
  •    

                   10—17                          10—17                    
       →
    e-→
          +    
          e-                                              +    Υ                                     10—10 
                           
        +   →
         γ   +       e-            →
                     
                        e-                                10—11 
                                                              
                             π                    π            
          →   +  π  
           p    →    n           +      π+                                     10—12 
          π              
         π   +    →    
          π+                          +        n          →    P                        10—13 
       π                     π π-     π  πº         π            
    
                       Z             A                X      zX4                         
                10                         0.2              0.2       
                                                             
                                                             
                                                      
                                                                                                 
                                                                                                              
                  α      β        γ               
    β                                                    β    10                β   
          β                                                
                                              
                                                                     π                                                  
                  100                                                       π             π                    
                                    π      
       
                                                                  核子                                         nucleons  
                                                      原子序数                                  atomic number,Z         
                                                                质量数                                     mass number,A
                                                         同位素                                     isotopes
                                                             核力                                         nuclear forces 
                                                             质量亏损                                  mass defect
                                                          稳定的核                                  stable nuclei
                                                       不稳定的核                                un stable nuclei
                                             天然放射性核                            naturally radioactive nuclei
                                                           核反应                                      nuclear reaction
                                                             复合核                                      compound nucleus
                                                        裂变                                         fission
                                                           链式反应                                   chain reaction
                                                   原子反应堆                               nuclear reactor
                                                        核聚变                                      nuclear fusion
                                                    热核能                                     thermonuclear energy
    α                                       α粒子                                                           alpha particle(α—particle)
    β                                       β粒子                                                           beta particle(β—particle)
    γ                                       γ射线                                                           gamma ray   ( γ—ray)
                            半衰期                                                           half—life
    β                                     β衰变                                                           beta decay
                                       基本过程                                                        fundamental process
                                               中微子                                                           neutrino
                                        反中微子                                                        antineutrino
                                       阳电子                                                            pasitron
                                       反粒子                                                            antiparticle
                                    物质的湮没                                                     annihilation of matter
                                   偶生成                                                           pair production
                                        光的质化                                                        materialization of light
                                        反质子                                                           antiproton
                                        反中子                                                           antineutron
    π                                      π 介子                                                           pion
                                         反物质                                                           antimatter
                                  稳定粒子                                                        stable particle
                               不稳定粒子                                                     unstable particle
                                            轻子                                                               lepton
                                            强子                                                         lepton
                                             介子                                                         meson                  
                                           重子                                                          baryon
      
    α              α    α                   
    X                  γ          
                                                          
        Z                                          
                                              
                                           
                                     
                                                                                           
                              
        e       1.6×10-18              +e  0  -e  
                                                           
                                                 
                                                                                                                         
                                            
                                               
                 
                           
                                              
                                       
                        
                           
                                   h 2π                             
                                   
                                                 β                   
                                      
                    
                   
                                                                               
                                     
                
                                                           
                      1=100  000   \   =100 000   
                           
    β          
                                 
                              
                       TK              3\4kT  
                                          
    π                                  π      
                           
              1   1  \      
                   v          hv       h\ 2π 
                             1836    
                                                    
                                                       
               
                                                              
                                                       
                                                          
                           
                          
                              
                                         
                                
                                   
                    
                                         9.8  \     
                           
                                                                                     
                                
                                                                 
                      
                                    
                                          
                              
                                        
                                                         1   10  000    
    γ                               γ          
                                   
                                                         
                             
                                         
                                          
                                            
                                       
                       
                                
                                         
             γ             γ               
                     
                                                           
                                                    
                                                                           
    —              1                  
                                                           
                 mº    mºc²              mºc²     
                                            
                                  
                             1000    
                     
                                                            
                                              
                         
                              
                                 1  \      
                                            
                                             
                
                                   K                  273.15K     373.15K           0℃     100℃          32ºF     212ºF  
                                        
                      
                      
                           q                        F=qE 
                                                     
                         
                           
                                                        
                        
                                                 
                                                                         X   γ   
                                                           
                                                  
                                                       
                            99.9%                                 
                           
                            
                                                              
                                               
                                             
                      
                             
                           
                                 1   1  \    
                                            
                                
    —                                         
                         
                   1        14.5℃ 15.5℃     1   1 = 4.186     
                               
                                                     
                    1    1         1   
                                                 
                                                        h        
                       n              l               ml                ms        
                                           h                  
                         
     
                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                       