    地貌（景观）Landforms
  地貌学geomorphology
  地貌作用geomorphic processes
  内力作用internal processes
  原生地貌initial landforms
  外力作用external processes
  后生地貌sequential inndforms
  基岩bedrock
 风化带regolith
 土壤soil
 物理风化physical weathering
 冻结作用frost action
 盐晶生长salt -cryatal growth
 化学风化chemical weathering
  球状风化spheroidal  acton
 碳酸作用canbonic acid action
  红土化laterization
 脱硅作用desilication
 红土latosols
  砖红壤laterite
 残留矿物residual ores
   灰壤化作用podzolization
 腐植质humus
 灰化土podzol
 钙化作用calcilication
      黑土（黑钙土）chernozems
  重力作用mass wasting
  岩堆坡talus slopes
 流水作用fluvial processes
  切应力shearing stress
 坡面侵蚀slope erosion
 荒原bedlands
 河流stream
切变shear
 层流laminar flow
  紊流turbulent low
 悬浮物suspension
  平均流速mean velocity
 流量discharge
  连续性方程式equation of continuity
 水系drainage systems
 分水岭drainage divide
  流域drainage basin
  饱水带saturated zone
  地下水ground water
   地下水面water table
   非饱和水带unsaturated zone
  河流侵蚀stream erosion
  河流搬运stream transportation
   河流荷载物stream load
  河流堆积stream deposition
  水力作用hydrauiic action
   河岸侵蚀bank caving
 腐蚀abrasion
 溶蚀corrosion
  溶解固形物dissolved solids
   悬浮质荷载物suspended load
  底部荷载物bed load
  均夷化河流graded stream
 侧蚀lateral cuttinng
 漫滩floodplain
 冲积物alluvium
  冲积河流alluvial rivers
  谷坡bluffs
  蛇曲meander
 曲柳颈meander neck
   截弯取直cutoff
 牛轭湖oxbow lake
  天然堤natural levees
   河滩湿地back (          )
  辫状结构braided pattern
  冲积扇alluvial
 三角洲delta
  陆块landmass
  准平原peneplain
  冰川glacier
   山谷冰川alpine glacier
 冰帽icecap
   大陆冰盖continental ice sheet
  积聚带zone of accumulation
  消融带zone of ablation
 冰礁ice shelves
 冰斗cirgues
 角峰horns
 冰碛moraines
 冰谷glacial troughs
  终碛terminal moraine
 泥砾till
   冰泛平原outwash plain
  拍岸浪breaker
 底流swash
 迥流backwash
   海蚀悬崖marinecliff
 岸滩beach
   岸滩偏移beach drifting
 砂咀sandspit
  砂蚀作用sandblastaction
  吹扬作用deflation
 尘埃dust
 尘暴dust storm
 黄土loess
 跃移saltation
 砂丘sand dunes
    新月形砂丘barchans