岩石rock
 岩石圈lithosphere
 结晶体crystalline solid
矿物mineral
 火成岩igneous
岩浆magma
        硅酸盐（硅酸盐矿物）silicates(silicate minerals)
   石英quartz
 ---   铝硅酸盐类aluminosilicates
 钾长石potash feldspar
 正长石orthoclase
 斜长石plagio clase
 黑云母biotite
 云母组mica group
  角闪石hornblende
  闪石组amphibole group
  辉石组pyroxene group
 辉石augite
 橄榄石olivine
   长英群felsic group
  镁铁群mafic group
解理clcavage
    硅氧四面体silicon ---oxygen tetrahedron
   硅酸盐岩浆silicate mama
 ---     结构---粗粒，细粒texture --coarse --grained,fine --grained
    深成岩体plutonic pluton
 侵入岩intrusive igneous rocks
 围岩country rock
 喷出岩extrusive igneous rock
 盐基batholith
 熔岩lava
       火山玻璃（黑曜岩）volcanic glass(obsidian)
   火山渣scoria
 ---    花岗 --辉长岩系granite --gabbro series
 花岗岩granite
 流纹岩rhyolite
   闪长岩diorite
 安山岩andesite
  辉长岩gabbro
 玄武岩basalt
    长英火成岩felsic igneous rocks
   镁铁火成岩mafic igneous rocks
 橄榄岩peridotite
    超镁铁岩ultramafic rocks
   纯橄榄岩dunite
  火山作用volcanism
 火山volcano
  火山峰volcanic cone
  火山口crater
  复合火山composite volcano
  盾形火山shield volcano
     环太平洋圈circum -pacific ring
  岩石同化rock weathering
 沉积物sediment
      沉积岩（水成岩）sedimentary rocks
  碎屑沉积物clastic sediments
   化学沉积物chemically precipitated sediments
  有机沉积物organic sediments
 地层strata
 层面planes of stratification
 砾岩conglomerate
 砂岩sandstone
 岩化作用lithification
  粉砂岩siltstone
 页岩shale
  粘土矿物clay minerals
  水解作用hydrolysis
 高岭土kaolinite
 伊利石illite
 方解石calcite
  石灰岩limestone
      白云石，白云岩dolomite
    蒸发盐，蒸发岩evaporites
石膏gypsum
    石盐，岩盐halite
 煤层coal seams
 煤系coal measures
 变质岩metamorphic rocks
   岩石变质作用rock metamorphism
 片理foliation
 板岩slate
 片岩schist
  片麻岩gneiss
 大理石marble
      岩石转换旋回（岩石旋回）cycle of rock transformation(rock cycle)
      非再生性地球资源nonrenewable earth resources
  金属矿床metalliferous deposits
   非金属矿床non-metallic deposits
 矿物燃料fossil fuels
 核燃料nuclear fuels
矿石ores
   再生性能源sustained yiela energy
 太阳能solar energy
 水力hydropower
 潮汐力tidal power
 风力wind power
  地热能geothermal energy
  油页岩oil shale
 油母岩质kerogen
 核裂变nuclear fusion
 核聚变nuclear fusion
增值breeding