                             
                                                                                                   
                                                           
                                                                 
                100                                                        4—11                4—12                         4—13                     

          100      1    
                                                 
                             2\3     k     T    
    T          K                                                    4—7 —  4—12   
                    1N \m²       Pa               
                                                                                                   
                       7   1    14.5℃ 15.5℃       1   4.186    
                                          
                                   
                                  
                                       
                                             
   
                             物质的原子理论                                   theory of matter
                           场离子显微镜                                      field ion microscope
                         理想单原子气体                                   ideal monatomic gas
                                    内能                                                   internal energy
                              波耳兹曼常熟                                      Boltzmann,s constant,k
                    绝对温标                                             absolute scale of temperrature
                      华氏温标                                             Fathrenheit scale of temperature
                                 阿伏伽德罗定律                                  Avogadro s law
                             热力学                                                thermodynamiscs
                热力学第一定律                                  first law of thermodynamics
                                             卡                                                     calorie
                         摄氏温标                                            Celsius scale of temperature
                                           开耳芬                                                Kelvin , K
                         绝对零度                                             absolute zero temperature
                                      冰点                                                   ice point
                                       沸点                                                    steam point
                                          压强                                                   pressure
                                           帕子卡                                                Pascal  Pa
                      标准大气压                                          standard atmosphere
                                                           巴                                                                       bar
                                   理想气体方程式                                                   ideal ges equation
                                                 玻意耳定律                                                          Boyle s law
                                               查理定律                                                             Charles s law
                                      绝热过程                                                             adiabatic process
                                                    熵                                                                       entropy
                        热力学第二定律                                             second law of thermodynamics
                       热力学第三定律